| Enzymes |
Source or Type |
Applications |
| Carbohydrases |
|
Laundry and dishwashing detergents, industrial pipe/tank cleaners, textiles, pulp and paper, fermentation ethanol |
| Alpha-amylase |
Bacterial a-amylase (e.g., Bacillus subtilis), Fungal a-amylase (e.g., Aspergillus niger), Alkaline a-amylase |
Textiles, starch syrups, laundry and
dishwashing detergents, paper desizing,
fermentation ethanol, animal feed |
| ß-amylase |
From a strain of Bacillus |
Brewing, maltose syrup |
| Cellulase |
|
Dishwashing detergents, animal feed, textiles, bioenergy production |
| ß-Glucanase |
exo-ß-1,4-glucanase, endo-ß-1,4-glucanase |
Brewing industry |
| ß-Glucosidase |
|
Transforms isoflavone phytoestrogens in soymilk |
| Dextranase |
Made by various microorganisms (e.g., Leuconostoc mesenteriodes) |
Hydrolyzes the polysaccharide dextran |
| Dextrinase (almost identical to a-glucosidase) |
|
Cleaves dextrin into two molecules of glucose |
| a-Galactosidase (melibiase) |
|
Could increase yield of sucrose; potential use in the beet sugar industry |
| Glucoamylase |
Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus, Endomyces |
Manufacture of dextrose syrup and high-fructose syrup |
| Hemmicellulase/Pentosanase/Xylanase |
Thermomyces lanuginosus, Penicillium simplicissimum |
Baking, fruit juice manufacture, wood pulp processing |
| Invertase |
|
Manufacture of invert syrup from cane or beet sugar (use is minor) |
| Lactase |
Kluyveromyces lactis, Asperigillus oryzae, Bacillus |
Eliminates lactose from dairy foods |
| Naringinase |
|
Debitter citrus peel |
| Pectinase |
|
Fruit processing |
| Pullulanase |
Klebsiella aerogenes, Bacillus acidipullulyticus, Bacillus subtilis |
Antistaling agent in baked goods |
| Proteases |
|
Brewing, baking goods, protein processing, distilled spirits, laundry and dishwashing detergents, lens cleaners, leather and fur, chemicals |
| Acid proteinase |
Endothia parasitica, Rhizopus, Aspergillus niger, A. oryzae |
Baking, improves dough handling |
| Alkaline protease |
Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis |
Detergents, leather and fur |
| Bromelain |
Pineapple stem |
Food industry |
| Pepsin |
Porcine or bovine stomach |
Cheese production |
| Peptidases |
|
|
| Aminopeptidase |
Lactococcus lactis |
Food and animal feed |
| Endo-peptidase |
|
|
| Subtilisin |
Bacillus subtilis var. Carlsberg, Bacillus lichenformis |
Chiral resolution of chemical compounds or pharmaceuticals |
| Lipases and Esterases |
Phospholidases, pregastric esterases, phosphatases |
Cleaners, leather and fur, dairy, chemicals |
| Aminoacylase |
Porcine kidney, Aspergillus melleus |
Optical resolution of amino acids |
| Glutaminase |
Bacillus, Aspergillus |
Conversion of glutamine to glutamate |
| Lysozyme |
Chicken egg white, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris |
Antibacterial (germicidal in dairy industry) |
| Penicillin acylase |
Bacillus megaterium, Escherichia coli |
Chemical synthesis |
| Isomerase |
|
Converts glucose syrup to high-fructose syrup in food industry |
| Oxireductases |
|
Chemicals, detergent bleaches, pulp bleaching |
| Alcohol dehydrogenase |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Thermoanarobium brockii |
Chiral synthesis of chemicals |
| Amino acid oxidase |
Porcine kidney, snake venom |
Chiral resolution of racemic amino acid mixtures |
| Catalase |
Aspergillus niger |
desugaring of eggs |
| Chloroperoxidase |
Algae, bacteria, fungi, mammalian tissues |
Steroid synthesis |
| Peroxidase |
Horseradish |
Laundry and wood pulp bleaches |
| Lyases |
|
|
| Acetolactate decarboxylase |
|
Brewing industry |
| Aspartic ß-decarboxylase |
|
Manufacture of L-alanine from L-aspartic acid |
| Histidase |
Achromobacter liquidum |
Cosmetics |
| Transferases |
|
|
| Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase |
|
Manufacture of cyclodextrins from starch |
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