The human microbiome is considered as the “new organ”, thought to be associated with multiple diseases and to comprise of many pathways. These can provide targets for modulation by therapeutics of various modalities and platforms. Over the last 10 years, there has been great excitement around the potential of microbiome-based therapies, which is reflected in: (a) significant investments in companies (b) exploration of numerous therapeutic approaches and (c) accelerating research in discovery biology and translational medicine linking the microbiome to disease conditions. This interactive panel will feature experts to discuss (a) technological advances in microbiome research (b) link between the microbiome and human immunity, particularly between immune-oncology treatments and (c) ways to overcome development challenges such as clinical trial design, regulatory requirements, manufacturing reproducibility, and intellectual property to achieve “bench-to-bedside” success in this field.